Ammendments to Etruscan Dictionary Draft 003

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Draft 004 is set for November 15, 2007.

PROJECT STATS

As of Friday, November 9, 2007:

• There are 942 secure items in the database.
• There are 1125 items in total.

AMMENDMENTS TO DRAFT 003

Nov 9, 2007
Laristi [male praenomen] - Add item.
Attested in CIE 4074 in the genitive Larstial.
Śiθurna [gentilicium] - Modify form: Śiθurina
Tantale [gentilicium] - Add item.
Attested in CIE 4072, 4073, 4074, 4075 and 4076. It's a name borrowed from Greek Τάνταλος (Tantalos).
Tantalina [gentilicium] - Add item.
Attested as Tantlnaś in the genitive in TLE 6. It's probably a derivative of Tantale.

Nov 7 & 8, 2007
Ane [male praenomen] - Add item.
Attested in the genitive (Anes) in TLE 117.
Apatru [gentilicium] - Modify form: Apiatru.
I've found the name attested as Apaiatrus [TLE 122], Apiatrus [TLE 122] and Apatrual [TLE 136], all in the genitive, but the common "earliest" form I give for this entry, Apiatru, is a subjective guess. I still need to find the origin of this name. It all looks Greek to me... and I mean that literally, not figuratively :P
Cuclunaie [gentilicium] - Add item.
We find Cuclnies in TLE 117 and 144, as well as Cuclnial in TLE 126 and 129. I assume that the name is a derivative of *Cucluna plus genitilicial suffix -ie. *Cucluna would in turn be a derivative of Cuclu "Cyclops". In other words, I'm thinking that this is a theonymic family name similar to what we find in the Near East where people are named after Ba'al and other gods.
Prastina [gentilicium] - Add item.
Terasia [male praenomen] - Modify form and translation: Teriasia [mythos]
The name is derived from Greek Τειρεσίας (Teiresias) and should be classified under mythos, not a male praenomen. An error on my part.
Viśal "Faesulae [city]" - Modify form: Visal
Zalθu [gentilicium] - Add item.
Attested in TLE 116 in the unmarked nomino-accusative case.
Zertina [gentilicium] - Add item.
Attested in TLE 123 in the locative as Zertnei.

Nov 6, 2007
Marχarie [male praenomen] - Add item.
Attested in the genitive as Marχars in TLE 113. So far, I'm presuming that this is borrowed from Latin Marcarius which is, I'm guessing, a contamination of Macarius (via Marcus). I know for sure at least that the name Macarius without -r- is originally a Greek name Μακαριος (Makarios) based on μακαρ 'blessed, happy'.
Seicia [gentilicium] - Add item.
Attested in CIE 23, 24 and 4445.
Sentie [gentilicium] - Add item.
Attested in TLE 113 in the genitive (Senties).
Θamrie [male praenomen] - Add item.
The genitive, Θamries, is found in TLE 260.
Χeste [male praenomen] - Add item.
Attested in TLE 113 in the genitive (Χestes).

Nov 5, 2007
Felcie [gentilicium] - Add item.
Attested in both genitive forms in TLE 130 (Felces, Felcial) indicating differences in gender.
Velχina [gentilicium] - Add item.
Vestaraie [gentilicium] - Modify form: Vestiraie.
It surely must be related to another gentilicium I have under Vestiricina, attested as Vestiricinala under TLE 868. I haven't found the etymological source of this name yet but it's related to the Latin names Vestricius, Vestergius and Vestergennius as well as to the Oscan name Vestirikiíoí. (Mélanges d'archéologie et d'histoire (1881), p.592 mentions the connection between these names). I have a million and one things to look up apparently. Busy, busy, busy.
Vucina [gentilicium] - Add item.

Nov 3, 2007
Statilane [gentilicium] - Add item.
Attested in inscriptions TLE 187 to 190. Probably connected with Latin gentilicium Statilius.

Oct 24, 2007

Estra [deity] - Modify form and translation: Estara "Ashtarte [deity]".
Found only in the Liber Linteus and always in the locative form, Estrei. Note that this has nothing to do with the Pyrgi Tablets and while *Unial-Aśtreś "of Uni-Ashtarte" is popularly tweased from that artifact, this appears to be a misreading of Unialaś-treś "to (the temple) of Uni" with the dative postposition -treś "towards" (from earlier -traiś). Uni herself was evidently considered the equivalent of Phoenician Ashtarot based on these inscriptions. There would be little need to hyphenate the names together and this is not done in the Phoenician section of this text.
hatrencu [person] - Modify translation: [unknown female designation].
Slowly, little by little, I triangulate a more precise translation. The term is strangely used for females specifically from the town of Vulci. I've read theories about a religious sisterhood in relation to this word, but I'd really like to learn more on this. Interestingly, this pdf mentions Lesley Lundeen and her questioning of the status quo concerning such a priesthood. She apparently urges to steer away from the rigid Roman comparisons and look to Asia Minor for greater understanding of Etruscan religion. If that's a proper account of her position then all I can say is "Finally, a true scholar in Etruscology. There's hope." More reading for me.
Leve [gentilicium]. - Modify form: Levia
The genitive Levial is attested in TLE 912.
Tarsula [gentilicium] - Add item.
Attested in TLE 313.

Oct 19, 2007

Licantre [male praenomen] - Add item.
From Greek Λύκανδρος (Lykandros), found in CIE 1529.
Nicipur [male praenomen] - Add item.
From Greek Νικηφόρος (Nikephoros), found in CIE 2489.
Pure [male praenomen] - Add item.
From Greek Πύρρος (Purros).
Tinusi [male praenomen] - Add item.
From Greek Διονύσιος (Dionysios), found in CIE 2066, 2067, 2835 and 2836.
Zarapiiun [male praenomen] - Add item.
From Greek Σαραπίων (Sarapion), attested as Zarapiu (CIE 2240) or Zerapiu (CIE 475, 4514) with later loss of -n parallel to what we witness in some spellings of Χarun 'Charon [deity]' as Χaru. I'm adding the second -i- to be phonotactically consistent and to represent the glide /j/.

Oct 18, 2007

Pilunice [male praenomen] - Add item.
Attested in TLE 556 and borrowed from Greek Φιλόνικος (Philonikos).

Lingua Files

All of the following shared files will remain a work in progress and should be considered as such by the reader. I recognize the fact that all knowledge is in the end a "work in progress", therefore no idea is too sacred to alter or eliminate if Logic permits. All that matters in the pursuit of knowledge is Logic and the strength of the logical arguments in support of one's theories and hypotheses. I openly devote myself to a neverending search for new data to either strengthen my current conclusions or to eliminate any that prove to be unfounded.

Indo-European
Etruscan

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Indo-European

Indo-European numerals (01 May 2010)

Indo-European verb (01 May 2010)

A revisal of the Indo-European sound inventory (7 April 2010)
Since the PIE sound system is at serious odds with modern phonology, my new system helps explain, among other things, its absence of *b, the true nature of vowel colouring and a fresh approach to Satem Shift.
Diachronic development from Indo-Aegean to Indo-European (07 October 2010)
The current state of my theory on Pre-Proto-Indo-European between the prehistoric period of 7000 and 4000 BCE.

Semitic loans in PIE (20 October 2008)
My pdf of possible loans from Proto-Semitic into Pre-Proto-Indo-European. This work is based on the premise that a prestage of Indo-European was in contact during the Neolithic period with Proto-Semitic to explain the source of widely recognized loans in PIE, such as the word for 'seven'. The nature of the loans (ie. three numbers, a reflexive pronoun) further suggest to me that the linguistic contact was rather intensive, similar to Norse contact with Anglo-Saxons, for example.

PIE Wave Theory
A conceptual experiment concerning "moving isogloss maps". This is meant to show an ever-changing linguistic landscape tracking early Indo-European, surrounding languages as well as conjectural "para-dialects" before 4000 BCE.

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Etruscan

Online Etruscan-English dictionary

After being sick and tired of hokey translations, I took up the academic challenge and created my very own Etruscan dictionary applet in Flash. I continuously update this applet as I research into this ancient language and its inscriptions further.

Etruscan grammar [pdf] (04 Oct 2011)
A concise grammatical sketch of the Etruscan language. It should also be instructive for the near-identical Lemnian dialect as well as for Rhaetic.

Extras

Handy progs

Online Etruscan-English dictionary
Frustrated by many historians employing ad-hoc methods of translation by appeal to Latin look-alikes without in-depth analysis, I decided to create this online Flash-based applet that translates an Etruscan word or phrase into English. I continually update it based on new information. Enjoy.

Ancient games online

Sinat
This is an ancient Egyptian two-player boardgame using a 3x10-square board and four casting sticks for dice which I programmed myself in Adobe Flash. (Valuable input from readers like you helped a lot!)


Royal Game of Ur
A two-player Babylonian game played on a 20-square board arranged in an unusual form - shaped like an abstract guitar, one might say.

July 7/09 - Currently I've programmed into it only basic functionality. However, this allows one to move pieces and roll the special "binary dice" according to whatever proposed rules of the game one likes. Enjoy. I'll improve on it again soon as I have time.