This is another rant about hideous Proto-Indo-European roots still reconstructed in the 21st century that should have been dumped in the 1960s along with Woodstock. I love Proto-Indo-European (PIE) and am fascinated by it but I also hate unjustified reconstructions and "junk linguistics". On that subject, let's now talk about
(*)*ǵalak- or similar forms designated as the PIE word for 'milk' in addition to the more substantiated root
*melǵ-. I don't think a person truly understands PIE until they recognize the myriad of shoddy reconstructions out there in its name that need to be dismissed.
We have Greek
γάλα (gen. γάλακτος) &
γλάγος 'milk' along with Latin
lac 'milk' (gen.
lactis). Based primarily on this, Douglas and Adams have reconstructed
*ǵl̥lákt- , have then attempted to add dubious cognates from Indo-Iranian loaded with assumptions, and have concluded (or merely asserted without firm basis rather) that "[...] both the archaic morphological shape and the geographical distribution would seem to guarantee this item as at least a regional word in PIE."
[1]In my view, a more reasonable, alternative view is that the Greek and subsequent Latin forms are from Hittite
kalaktar meaning more generally 'nutriment'
[2] and have nothing to do with PIE at all. This would be one of those Greco-Anatolian
Wanderworts which spread during the 2nd millennium BCE along
μέλι 'honey' which I've just talked about before. Whether directly or through an intermediary, this must be where internal
-kt- comes from while word-final
-r has been deleted in the Greek loan. The Latin form must then be from Greek. The word even finds its way into Egyptian as
ỉrṯ.t 'milk' (
*yarāṯat /
jəˈɾɑ:cəʔ/).
[3] We know that the word must be from Hittite or similar Anatolian dialect because it can be further derived from the native verb root
kala(n)k- 'to soothe, satiate, satisfy'. Reconstructing a protolanguage root that's unanalysable despite an etymology already available with a clear historical source is the kind of sloppy, unacademic nonsense I loathe with a passion.
NOTES[1] Douglas/Adams,
Encyclopedia of Indo-European culture (1997), p.381 (
see link).
[2] Puhvel,
Hittite Etymological Dictionary: Words beginning with K (1997), p.19: "
kal(l)aktar,
galaktar (n.) 'soothing substance, balm, nutriment'" (
see link).
[3] Woodard,
The Ancient Languages of Mesopotamia, Egypt and Aksum (2008), p.181 (
see link).